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# Microbiological Testing

microbiology 

Laboratory methods used to identify or quantify specific microorganisms on a surface, in a product, or in the environment.

## Definition

Microbiological testing includes culture-based methods, rapid microbial tests and molecular techniques such as PCR. Unlike ATP testing, it can identify or count specific organisms—such as Salmonella, Listeria or total viable counts—rather than measuring general organic residue.

## Why it matters

Microbiological testing answers questions that ATP testing cannot, such as whether a specific pathogen is present. It is slower and more resource-intensive, but essential for regulatory compliance and risk investigation.

## Practical applications

Used in food safety verification, healthcare outbreak investigations, water testing, and pharmaceutical environmental monitoring.

## Related terms

[Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)](/knowledge-center/glossary/adenosine-triphosphate)[Antimicrobial](/knowledge-center/glossary/antimicrobial)[Biofilm](/knowledge-center/glossary/biofilm)[Microorganism](/knowledge-center/glossary/microorganism)[Pathogen](/knowledge-center/glossary/pathogen)[Active Ingredient](/knowledge-center/glossary/active-ingredient)

## Referenced in

-   [How Does ATP Testing Work?](/knowledge-center/articles/how-does-atp-testing-work)

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